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Citizen Weapons and Personal Safety in the Americas

A Comparison between the United States, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, and Costa Rica

By Estefanía Muriel for Ruta Pantera on 8/10/2026 10:30:37 AM

For those considering moving to another country in the Americas, safety often plays a significant role in the decision. Cost of living, climate, job opportunities, and political stability can all be major factors, but there's also a more everyday concern: how prevalent is gun violence in the streets, neighborhoods, and public spaces?

The comparison is not simple. The Americas encompass countries with very different gun cultures: the United States has one of the highest concentrations of civilian firearms in the world, Canada maintains stricter controls, Mexico faces high levels of violence linked to organized crime, and Brazil accounts for a large proportion of the continent's homicides. Argentina has lower levels, while Costa Rica has experienced a worrying increase in gun violence. Therefore, for those looking for a new place to live, it is not enough to know if guns are legal; it is also necessary to consider how they relate to everyday violence.

United States, Canada and Mexico: three different models

The United States presents an exceptional case. The Small Arms Survey estimated approximately 120.5 civilian firearms per 100 people, a figure far higher than that of Canada and Mexico. This high availability of guns also coincides with a significant burden of gun violence. In 2024, firearms were involved in 44,447 deaths in the United States, including homicides, suicides, and other causes. And the homicide rate involving firearms was approximately 4.5 per 100,000 people.

Canada presents a different scenario. Gun ownership is legal, but it is subject to a much stricter licensing and control system. In 2024, there were 287 gun-related homicides, a rate of approximately 0.69 per 100,000 inhabitants. The difference compared to the United States shows that the availability of legal firearms does not necessarily produce the same level of violence in all countries.

Mexico offers perhaps the most interesting contrast. The estimated availability of civilian firearms is much lower than in the United States, but gun violence is considerably higher than in Canada. In 2024, 33,241 homicides were recorded, and 71.8% were committed with firearms, according to INEGI.

This demonstrates a fundamental distinction: legal possession and armed violence are not exactly the same. In Mexico, a significant portion of the violence is linked to illegally circulating weapons and criminal organizations. Therefore, reducing the number of legally available weapons does not necessarily eliminate the weapons used in criminal activities.
Brazil, Argentina and Costa Rica: three Latin American realities

Brazil presents another side of the problem. The country recorded 42,590 homicides in 2024, of which 29,870 were committed with firearms, equivalent to 70.1% of the total. Although Brazil's homicide rate has decreased in recent years, violence continues to be concentrated in certain regions and is closely linked to organized crime and territorial disputes.

Argentina presents a considerably different situation. In 2024, it recorded 1,810 intentional homicides, with a rate of 3.8 per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest in the country since 2000. Firearms were involved in 52.2% of those homicides. The comparison between Brazil and Argentina is particularly useful for understanding that the number of available weapons alone does not explain violence. Other contributing factors include organized crime, socioeconomic conditions, institutional capacity, regional differences, and the functioning of justice and security systems.

Costa Rica is another case that deserves attention. For a long time, it was considered one of the most stable and safe countries in Central America, but in recent years it has experienced a sharp increase in homicides. In 2024, 684 homicides were committed with firearms, representing 78% of the total. A significant portion of this violence is related to settling scores and activities linked to organized crime.

What does this mean for those looking for a place to live?

The differences among these six countries offer an important conclusion for anyone considering living elsewhere in the Americas: the question shouldn't be limited to whether guns are legal or illegal. A country can have a high availability of firearms and, at the same time, exhibit relatively low levels of violence. The opposite can also be true: restrictive legislation on civilian gun ownership can coexist with high levels of violence perpetrated by illegal weapons and criminal organizations.

Therefore, before choosing a destination, it is advisable to look at several indicators simultaneously: the homicide rate, the proportion of murders committed with firearms, the conditions for owning or carrying them, the presence of organized crime and, above all, the differences between cities and regions within each country.

The best decision, therefore, is not simply to look for the country with the fewest weapons. It's about understanding what kind of violence exists, where it's concentrated, and the real likelihood that it will become part of daily life. For someone considering crossing a border in search of a new life, that difference can be far more important than any isolated statistic.

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References:
Argentina, Ministry of Security. (2025). Historic change: Conclusive drop in homicide rates. Argentina.gob.ar. Retrieved from https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/cambio-historico-concluyente-caida-en-las-tasas-de-homicidios
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2026). Homicide mortality. CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/homicide.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2026). Firearm mortality. CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/firearms.html
National Institute of Statistics and Geography. (2025). Homicide deaths: From January to December 2024: Preliminary data. INEGI. Retrieved from https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2025/edr/DH2024_CP_Ene-dic.pdf
Judicial Branch of Costa Rica, Planning Directorate. (2026). Intentional Homicides 2024: Analysis. Judicial Branch of Costa Rica. Retrieved from https://sistemaplanificacion.poder-judicial.go.cr/php/estadistica_ju_po/Homicidios_Dolosos_2024_-_An%C3%A1lisis2026-03-24_14-53-06.pdf
Perreault, S. (2026). Firearms and violent crime in Canada, 2024. Statistics Canada. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2026001/article/00005-eng.htm
Small Arms Survey. (2018). Civilian firearms holdings. Small Arms Survey. Retrieved from https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/SAS-BP-Civilian-held-firearms-annexe-REV1.pdf


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