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La apertura de la gestión hotelera a empresarios cubanos dentro y fuera de la isla refleja los esfuerzos del gobierno por revitalizar un sector estratégico afectado por la caída del turismo internacional y los desafíos económicos que enfrenta Cuba. Foto: Arian Fernández / Pexels.


Cuba
CUBA -------------------------------3106NEWS STORY

Cuba Reinventa su Turismo en Medio de una Crisis Sin Precedentes

La apertura de hoteles a gestores cubanos refleja el esfuerzo por rescatar uno de los pilares históricos de la economía de la isla.

La imagen de Cuba como uno de los destinos turísticos más emblemáticos del Caribe atraviesa uno de los momentos más complejos de su historia reciente. Hoteles semivacíos, vuelos reducidos, operadores internacionales reconsiderando su presencia y una caída sostenida en la llegada de visitantes han obligado al gobierno cubano a adoptar una medida poco habitual: permitir que ciudadanos cubanos, tanto residentes en la isla como en el exterior, asuman la administración de hoteles que anteriormente eran gestionados por cadenas extranjeras.

La decisión marca un cambio significativo dentro de la estrategia económica impulsada por el presidente Miguel Díaz-Canel y surge en un contexto de dificultades acumuladas. La economía cubana enfrenta escasez de divisas, problemas energéticos, limitaciones para acceder a financiamiento internacional y los efectos persistentes de las sanciones estadounidenses, factores que han afectado directamente a una industria considerada durante décadas como uno de los motores económicos del país.

El turismo ocupa un lugar especial en la historia reciente de Cuba. Tras el colapso de la Unión Soviética a comienzos de la década de 1990, el gobierno apostó por el desarrollo turístico como una vía para obtener ingresos en moneda extranjera. Durante años, la estrategia pareció funcionar. Grandes cadenas internacionales, especialmente españolas, comenzaron a administrar hoteles en asociación con empresas estatales cubanas, contribuyendo a transformar destinos como Varadero, La Habana Vieja y los cayos del norte en referentes turísticos del Caribe.

La expansión fue notable. Cuba llegó a desarrollar una infraestructura hotelera superior a las 80.000 habitaciones, una de las mayores capacidades de alojamiento de toda la región caribeña. Antes de la pandemia, la isla recibía cerca de cuatro millones de visitantes internacionales al año, cifras que permitían sostener miles de empleos y generar una importante entrada de divisas para la economía nacional.

Sin embargo, la recuperación posterior a la emergencia sanitaria mundial ha resultado mucho más difícil de lo esperado. Aunque muchos destinos turísticos internacionales lograron recuperar rápidamente sus niveles de actividad, Cuba ha enfrentado obstáculos adicionales que han limitado su capacidad de atraer visitantes. Las cifras recientes muestran una industria que continúa operando muy por debajo de los niveles alcanzados durante la década pasada.

La situación se ha visto agravada por una crisis energética que afecta tanto a residentes como a turistas. Los apagones frecuentes, las dificultades para garantizar combustible y los problemas logísticos han incrementado los costos operativos de hoteles, restaurantes y servicios turísticos. Algunos establecimientos han tenido que depender de sistemas alternativos de generación eléctrica para mantener su funcionamiento, mientras que otros han reducido servicios o suspendido temporalmente operaciones.

A estas dificultades se suma un entorno internacional cada vez más competitivo. Destinos como República Dominicana, México, Jamaica y Costa Rica han fortalecido sus infraestructuras turísticas y ampliado sus conexiones aéreas durante los últimos años, aumentando la competencia por los viajeros internacionales que tradicionalmente consideraban a Cuba dentro de sus opciones vacacionales.

En este escenario, la apertura a gestores cubanos representa una búsqueda de nuevas alternativas para mantener operativos activos turísticos que enfrentan dificultades. La medida también busca aprovechar el potencial de la diáspora cubana, compuesta por millones de personas establecidas en países como Estados Unidos, España, México y Canadá. Muchos de ellos cuentan con experiencia empresarial, acceso a capital y redes comerciales internacionales que podrían aportar nuevas oportunidades de gestión al sector.

La iniciativa resulta especialmente llamativa porque históricamente la participación económica de cubanos residentes en el exterior ha estado rodeada de restricciones y debates políticos. Permitirles involucrarse en la administración hotelera refleja un enfoque más pragmático ante los desafíos económicos actuales y evidencia la necesidad de encontrar nuevas fuentes de inversión y conocimiento empresarial.

No obstante, la propuesta también genera interrogantes. Administrar un hotel en Cuba implica enfrentar obstáculos relacionados con el abastecimiento de productos, la importación de insumos, las restricciones financieras internacionales y la incertidumbre económica. Algunos especialistas consideran que estas dificultades podrían limitar el alcance de la medida si no vienen acompañadas de reformas adicionales destinadas a mejorar el entorno para la inversión y la actividad empresarial.

La discusión también ha reabierto un debate cada vez más visible dentro de la sociedad cubana. Durante los últimos años, diversos economistas han cuestionado la continuidad de importantes inversiones hoteleras mientras sectores como la agricultura, la vivienda, el transporte y la infraestructura energética enfrentan problemas crónicos. Para los críticos, el desafío consiste en encontrar un equilibrio entre impulsar una actividad generadora de divisas y atender necesidades urgentes de la población.

Los defensores de la estrategia argumentan que el turismo continúa siendo una de las pocas industrias con capacidad para generar ingresos externos de manera relativamente rápida. Además, destacan que su impacto va mucho más allá de los hoteles. Restaurantes, taxistas, guías turísticos, pequeños emprendedores, artesanos y numerosos negocios privados dependen directa o indirectamente del flujo de visitantes extranjeros.

La importancia cultural del sector tampoco debe subestimarse. Cuba posee nueve sitios declarados Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO y cuenta con una combinación única de arquitectura colonial, tradiciones musicales, patrimonio histórico y recursos naturales que continúan despertando interés entre viajeros de todo el mundo. Destinos como La Habana Vieja, Trinidad y Varadero siguen figurando entre los principales símbolos turísticos de la isla.

Por ahora, la apertura a gestores cubanos constituye uno de los movimientos económicos más interesantes realizados por el gobierno en los últimos años. Más que una simple reorganización administrativa, refleja el reconocimiento de que el modelo turístico enfrenta desafíos extraordinarios que requieren soluciones diferentes.

Si la estrategia logra atraer inversión, mejorar la eficiencia operativa y mantener activos establecimientos que de otro modo podrían cerrar, podría convertirse en un precedente para futuras reformas económicas. Si fracasa, pondrá en evidencia las limitaciones de intentar revitalizar el turismo sin resolver los problemas estructurales que afectan al conjunto de la economía.

Más allá de los resultados inmediatos, la decisión simboliza una realidad más amplia: Cuba se encuentra en una etapa de redefinición económica. Mientras las playas continúan atrayendo visitantes, los centros históricos conservan su encanto y el país mantiene uno de los patrimonios culturales más reconocibles de América Latina, la gran pregunta es si estas nuevas fórmulas de gestión serán suficientes para devolver al turismo el papel central que alguna vez tuvo en el desarrollo de la isla.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 6/10/2026 2:53:39 PM


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References:
Associated Press. (2026, junio 9). Cuba opens hotel management to Cubans amid tourism crisis. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/cuba-hotels-management-president-miguel-diazcanel-1ff82419fbb02c507591dfae77005dcd
Reuters. (2026, junio 9). Cuba's once-bustling tourist sites face sharp decline in foreign visitors. Reuters.
Reuters. (2026, febrero 18). Sun, sand and empty beaches: Cuba's tourism industry struggles amid economic pressures. Reuters.
UNESCO. (2026). World Heritage Sites in Cuba. https://whc.unesco.org
Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información (ONEI). (2025). Anuario Estadístico de Cuba. https://www.onei.gob.cu
Banco Mundial. (2025). International tourism arrivals data. https://data.worldbank.org
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). (2025). Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe. https://www.cepal.org
Meliá Hotels International. (2025). Presencia y operaciones en Cuba. https://www.melia.com
Iberostar Hotels & Resorts. (2025). Operaciones hoteleras en el Caribe. https://www.iberostar.com


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